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Topkapi Palace is the most extensive monu-ment in Turkish civil architecture. The monument occupies 700,000 square metres, and is a building complex of courts, pavilions ,mosques and foun-tains. Its name “Topkapi” is a compound and means “Cannon Gate”. The palace is surrounded by a wall extending from the Byzantine sea walls along the Golden Horn to those along the Mar-mara Sea.

When Mehmet II conquered Istanbul in 1453, he had his first palace erected in the district where the University of Istanbul and Suleymaniye Mosque are now situated. Since the palace was fairly small, in 1459 he decided to build Topkapi Palace. Only the harem was added later in the 16th century. The palace was the official resid-ence of the sultans until 1839 when Sultan Abdulmecit I moved to the new palace, «Dolmabahce»,.
In the golden ages of the empire approx.4000 people lived in this palace district. The total area included four grand courts and the harem section.

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